As the general term highly pathogenic avian influenza and the historical term fowl plague refer to. The manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals terrestrial manua l aims to facilitate international trade in animals and animal products and to contribute to the improvement of animal health services worldwide. Highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai is a highly infectious viral disease that affects a wide range of bird species. Avian influenza ai is a highly contagious viral disease affecting several species of food producing birds chickens, turkeys, quails, guinea fowl, etc. Avian flu outbreak takes poultry producers into uncharted. A virus is defined as hpai or lpai by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its. Offlu is the joint oie fao global network of expertise on animal influenzas.
Japan mongolia start from 2016, end in 2018 avian influenza newcastle disease. Guide to terrestrial animal health surveillance authors. Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. The avian influenza a h5n1 virus is endemic in poultry in egypt. The comparison of the mean of serum titers and the ratio of seropositive birds between. Offlu puts a strong emphasis on the importance of analysing and sharing information, and biological material to identify and reduce health threats early.
Avian influenza current situation summary avian influenza flu. Cambodia, china yunnan and guangxi provinces, lao pdr, myanmar, thailand and vietnam and a growing number of development partners who together seek to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by outbreakprone diseases in the subregion. Avian influenza portal disease introduction simulation exercises this page is used to disseminate on the web announcement received from member countries on disease introduction simulation exercises taking place in their countries. The purpose of surveillance is to provide timely and relevant information to allow early warning and inform policy makers for rapid response to reduce the spread and mitigate the impact of disease. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Selfdeclared disease status avian influenza portal standard setting overview introduction to specialist commissions oie observatory safe trade for.
Oie situation reports for avian influenza latest update. Avian influenza viruses found in northwestern states. This page provides the information regarding the oie laboratory twinning projects completedongoing in the region. Avian diseases guidelines for authors general information. If infection has occurred in poultry in a previously free country, zone or compartment, avian influenza free status can be regained. Jude childrens research hospital, memphis, tennessee, usa. Includes releases of publications, coordination and policy meetings, staff appointments and articles covering emerging issues.
Avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory birds in. In manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Highly pathogenic avian influenza, bangladesh submited by kickingbird at apr, 17, 2018 8. While much is known about circulation of zoonotic potential h5n1 and h9n2. Genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus. Avian influenza is a disease caused by the influenza virus type a. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. Papers on avian diseases relevant to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control are accepted. The virus is known to be zoonotic and has been isolated from mammalian species including humans. Oie world organisation for animal health 2015 avian influenza infection with avian influenza viruses. When they infect commercial poultry, these highly pathogenic viruses pose substantial trade issues.
On 25 march 2015, oie reported that bird specimens in india tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1. Egypt has been affected by h5n1 avian influenza virus with continuous outbreaks, resulting in severe losses in the poultry industry. It is often referred to simply as bird flu or avian influenza, even though it is only one of many subtypes. Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging. Guidelines for avian influenza viruses select agents. Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian. Novel eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5. Infection with avian influenza viruses, world organization for animal health oie terrestrial manual, 2015. A total of 30 cases of human infection with avian influenza ah9n2 in china have been reported since december 2015. Avian diseases is an international journal dedicated to publishing original basic or clinical research of the highest quality from various disciplines including microbiology, immunology, pathology, and epidemiology.
Offlu is the joint oiefao global network of expertise on animal influenzas. This page provides the overview of the events meetings, workshops, seminars, etc. Clinical signs of the disease depend on the strain and subtype of virus and the species of bird infected. The comparison of the mean of serum titers and the ratio of seropositive birds. Oie information document on avian influenza vaccination. Jun 26, 2018 the newly emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai h5n8 virus of clade 2. However, sustained, comprehensive, and coordinated global efforts to monitor the continually changing genetic diversity of avian influenza viruses circulating in nature are lacking 1,2.
Avian influenza a viruses can infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of birds and have been isolated from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the world. Muhammad murtada 1 elie barbour 1,2 houssam shaib 1. No people are known to have become sick in connection with the avian influenza viruses. Highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1 virus struck migratory birds in china in 2015. On 9 january 2015, oie reported that bird specimens in germany tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n8. Overview of news items since 2008, in reverse chronological order. Terrestrial animal health standards commission report february 2015.
Avian influenza virus influenza a virus is an orthomyxovirus. Avian influenza or bird flu is a highly contagious acute viral disease that can occur in epidemics and crossborder forms in poultry and wild birds. Three weeks after second immunization, antisera were separated from collective sterile blood samples. Update on avian influenza in animals types h5 and h7 oie situation reports for avian influenza latest update. Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. Avian influenza infections in humans and poultry of. Aug 11, 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1 virus struck migratory birds in china in 2015. Avian influenza infection with avian influenza viruses. The newly emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai h5n8 virus of clade 2. This definition has been recently adopted by oie in the 2005 edition of the terrestrial animal health code,chapter on. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either low pathogenic also called low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses or highly pathogenic high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Offlu aims to reduce negative impacts of animal influenza viruses by promoting effective collaboration between animal health experts and with the human health sector.
Avian influenza virus aiv h9n2 subtype is endemic in iran and causes substantial economic loss to the growing poultry industry within the country. Avian influenza a h5n1 outbreaks in different poultry. The winter of 2014 2015 was particularly worrying as new clusters of hpai a h5n1 virus emerged, leading to an important number of ai a h5n1 outbreaks in poultry farms and sporadic human cases. The agricultural select agent program has prepared guidelines for avian influenza viruses aiv to assist individuals and entities develop policies and implement procedures for working safely with aiv in the laboratory. Vaccination information for accredited zoos december 1, 2012 pg.
May 21, 2015 avian flu outbreak takes poultry producers into uncharted territory. Highly pathogenic avian influenza, chinese taipei submited by kickingbird at jan, 31, 2019 17. The oie also publishes guidelines on the use of vaccination, when relevant e. In december 2014, h5n8 and reassortant h5n2 viruses were detected in wild birds in washington, usa, and subsequently in backyard birds. Paris, 31 august 2011 oie closely follows the evolution of avian influenza in domestic and wild birds around the world, and acknowledges the recent identification of an h5n1 virus described as clade 2. Avian influenza ai is classified according to disease severity, with. Oie standards and guidelines related to trade and poultry diseases 3 the inactivation of viruses. On 31 march 2015, who reported newconfirmed human cases of avian influenza ah5n1 in. Wild migratory birds can act as potential spreaders for aivs to domestic birds between different countries. Introduction the emergence of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza hpai in southeast asia in the 1990s has evolved into one of the most significant animal health events in decades. Avian influenza infections in humans and poultry of lebanon. It affects several species of birds including chicken, turkey, quail, guinea fowl, pet birds and wild birds. Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. Egypt is situated on important migratory flyways for wild birds between different continents.
Guidelines for avian influenza viruses federal select agent. Diseases listed by the oie infection with avian influenza viruses infection with influenza a viruses of high pathogenicity in birds other than poultry including wild birds 2016 chapter 10. Manual, hpai and h5h7 lpai viruses were termed notifiable avian. A list of vaccine producers which produce vaccines according to the oie. Department of agriculture received 14 reports of birds infected with asianorigin, highly pathogenic avian influenza a hpai h5n2, h5n8, and h5n1 viruses. The mekong basin disease surveillance mbds consortium comprises six participating countries. Safety and health topics avian influenza background. All mn assays were performed with mdck cells according to the who manual, with an mn cutoff value of 1. In this study, a crosssectional analysis was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of h9n2 in several commercial farms between the years 2014 and 2015. Oie terrestrial animal health standards commissionfebruary 2015 3 the eggs are transported in new or appropriately sanitized packaging materials. Animal infection with avian influenza virus between 17 to 23 april 2020, no new outbreaks of avian influenza were reported to oie from the western pacific region. These reports represent the first reported infections with these viruses in u. The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai. Novel eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5 viruses.
Evaluation of elisa and haemagglutination inhibition as. The manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals terrestrial manual aims to facilitate international trade in animals and animal products and to contribute to the improvement of animal health services worldwide. If the parent flocks have been vaccinated against avian influenza, the nature of the vaccine used and the date of vaccination should be attached to the certificate. Novel eurasian lineage avian influenza ah5n8 virus has spread rapidly and globally since january 2014. Update on avian influenza in animals types h5 and h7. Avian influenza refers to disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. Occasionally mammals, including humans, may contract avian influenza. Offlu is the oie fao global network of expertise on animal influenza working to reduce the negative impacts of animal influenza viruses by promoting effective collaboration between animal health experts and with the human health sector. Regional events organized by the oie regional representation for asia and the pacific and the oie subregional representation for south east asia. Avian influenza weekly update number 738 24 april 20. The isolate was subjected to hemagglutination inhibition hi assays, as specified in the oie terrestrial manual, chapter 2. Definition of avian influenza an infection of poultry caused by any influenzaa virus h5 orh7 subtypes or.
Genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a. Highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1 virus struck. Oiefao network of expertise on animal influenza wikipedia. Mar 24, 2016 influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza lpai a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 20. Avian influenza report centre for health protection.
Avian flu outbreak takes poultry producers into uncharted territory. Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals type h5 and h7. Oct, 2017 avian influenza virus aiv h9n2 subtype is endemic in iran and causes substantial economic loss to the growing poultry industry within the country. Avian influenza is a global threat to food animal production and distribution systems, as well as human health. The characteristics of avian influenza viruses aivs allow the emergence of new viral variants, some with zoonotic and pandemic potential. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals oie. It provides an analysis of the current global situation from the oie expertise network. The principal target readership is laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance. The highly pathogenic influenza a virus subtype h5n1 is an emerging avian influenza virus that is causing global concern as a potential pandemic threat. Oie standards and guidelines related to trade and poultry. Fao animal production and health food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2006 world organisation for animal health 3 manual.
The principal target readership is laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in member countries. Offlu is the oiefao global network of expertise on animal influenza working to reduce the negative impacts of animal influenza viruses by promoting effective collaboration between animal health experts and with the human health sector. Avian influenza viruses aivs have been identified from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the globe. February 25, 2015 highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza virus, including one that killed turkeys in california, have been found in five northwestern states since middecember 2014. Implementation completion and results report ida43400 tf90662 on a credit in the amount of sdr 10. The salt avian influenza is ravaging poultry flocks across the upper midwest. Outbreaks of avian influenza a h5n2, h5n8, and h5n1. Includes releases of publications, coordination and policy meetings, staff. On 26 january 2015, who reported 24 confirmed human cases of avian influenza ah5n1 in egypt. Avian influenza a h5n1 outbreaks in different poultry farm.
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